As the world moves towards more sustainable products, paint manufacturers are adapting by providing options that are labeled as low VOC or no VOC. VOCs, or volatile organic compounds, are chemicals present in various construction materials that release gases, potentially posing risks to both human health and the environment. The characteristic new paint smell is a result of these VOCs. The government oversees the levels of VOCs in certain household products in accordance with the Clean Air Act.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are frequently present in paints, serving as the solvent that allows the paint to smoothly adhere to surfaces. Given that nearly every room in a home, as well as the exterior, is typically painted, VOCs are pervasive in these environments. After the paint is applied, it can release fumes for an extended period, ranging from weeks to even years.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can accumulate within residential spaces. In addition to being present in paints and varnishes, they can also be found in caulking, air fresheners, cleaning agents, tobacco smoke, carpets, vinyl and composite flooring, dry cleaning processes, photocopiers, petroleum-based products, natural gas, upholstery, foam materials, and wood-burning activities. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reports that Research indicates that concentrations of various organic compounds can be two to five times greater indoors compared to outdoor levels.
Inhalation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) can lead to various health issues, such as airway irritation, headaches, feelings of nausea, and potential harm to the liver, kidneys, or central nervous system.
The terms No VOC and low VOC might seem more appealing, and often they are, but continue reading to discover what they mean for you and your home, as well as how these products could affect your choice of paint.
Contents
What distinguishes No-VOC paint from Low-VOC paint?
Low-VOC paint is defined as paint that has fewer than 50 grams of volatile organic compounds per liter. On the other hand, No-VOC or zero-VOC paint is allowed to contain a minimal amount of VOCs, specifically less than 5 grams per liter. However, despite being labeled as low or no VOC, these paints might still include other hazardous substances. Additionally, the act of mixing in color can frequently introduce VOCs into the paint.
VOC, No VOC, and Low VOC: Key Distinctions
The terms no VOC and low VOC paints suggest they are superior to traditional VOC paints. However, the Environmental Protection Agency clarifies that it can only oversee VOC paints that are photochemically reactive. This means that when these paints are released into the atmosphere, they can transform into ozone, contributing to smog formation.
According to the EPA, certain items marketed as no VOC or low VOC may still include volatile organic compounds that can be harmful, potentially in significant amounts. Although opting for products with reduced VOC levels is generally a wise choice, it does not guarantee that these products are superior, and they might even be more harmful than those with higher VOC levels.
Ultimately, the EPA has the authority to regulate or prohibit VOC paints that play a role in the formation of photochemical smog. However, paints that are marketed as no-VOC or low-VOC are still available and might still include harmful substances. Therefore, if your primary concern is toxicity, it’s better to seek out paints that are specifically labeled as non-toxic or natural. These specialized paints might be less readily available and could require ordering from alternative paint suppliers online.
| Standard VOC Paint | No or Low VOC-Containing Paint | |
| VOC Content | 250 grams/liter (matte/flat) 380 grams/liter (glossy) | 5 grams/liter or less (No-VOC) 50 grams/liter or less (Low-VOC) |
| Appearance | Smoother, more even | Streakier, needs more coats |
| Durability | Most durable | Can be as durable (if has Green Seal) |
| Color | Colorants add VOCs | If adding tint to no/low VOC, it may add VOCs |
| Cost | Cheaper | More expensive |
| Odor | High odor | Hardly detectable odor |
| Health Concerns | VOCs can contribute to health issues | Fewer VOCs are good, but other toxic ingredients may be just as problematic |
| Environmental Impact | Worse for the environment | Likely better for the environment, depending on the other ingredients |
Appearance
Conventional VOC Coating
Numerous conventional paints are designed to simplify your painting experience, often requiring just one or two coats for complete coverage. The application is smooth and uniform, largely due to the presence of VOCs, which facilitate this effective coverage.
Paint with No or Low Volatile Organic Compounds
Paint formulations have significantly evolved over time. Low and no-VOC paints have adjusted their components to achieve a smooth finish, even with reduced VOC levels. Nevertheless, achieving a uniform and streak-free appearance may require an additional coat or two.
Ideal for Aesthetic Appeal: Standard VOC Coating
VOCs are incorporated into paint due to their ability to simplify the painting process. Formulations that apply effortlessly and provide a smooth, even finish are preferred over thinner, streaky alternatives, particularly when time and budget are considerations.
Durability
Conventional VOC Coating
Conventional VOC paints are generally recognized for their superior durability in terms of washability, opacity, and resistance to scuffing.
Paint with No or Low Volatile Organic Compounds
Paints with no or low VOCs have been designed to match the durability of traditional VOC paints. If a no or low-VOC paint carries the Green Seal, it complies with the durability criteria for paints.
Optimal Choice for Longevity: Tie
If a low or no VOC paint carries the Green Seal, it indicates that it has undergone testing to ensure it meets various durability criteria, including adhesion, ease of application, scrubbability, and washability.
Color
Conventional VOC Coating
The most vibrant hues contain higher levels of VOCs. Incorporating colorants increases the VOC levels in the paint.
Paint with No or Low Volatile Organic Compounds
Colorless paints typically contain lower levels of VOCs. However, if you’re planning to paint a space like a nursery and want to minimize VOCs, opting for a no or low-VOC paint that includes colorant will increase the VOC levels.
Ideal for Color: Standard VOC Paint
Colorants typically contain volatile organic compounds (VOCs). However, if you begin with a no or low-VOC paint and only add standard VOC colorants, you can minimize your VOC levels. While some paint brands provide zero-VOC colorants, these options are rarer and tend to be significantly pricier.
Cost
Conventional VOC Coating
Conventional VOC paints tend to be the most affordable choice on the market. Typically, a standard gallon of this type of paint ranges from $20 to $30. Additionally, you might require fewer applications of standard VOC paint compared to low or no-VOC alternatives.
Paint with No or Low Volatile Organic Compounds
Paints with no or low VOCs tend to be pricier than conventional VOC paints. Typically, low-VOC paints are priced around $40 to $50 per gallon, while no-VOC paints are generally priced between $50 and $60 per gallon.
Most Cost-Effective Option: Standard VOC Paint
The most affordable paints typically have the highest levels of VOCs.
Odor
Conventional VOC Coating
If you have a heightened sensitivity to smells, conventional VOC paints are recognized for their strong chemical odor. To help reduce this odor, consider placing a HEPA-filtered air purifier in the space after you finish painting. Additional methods to eliminate VOCs or fumes that are being released include using a dehumidifier, opening windows, and activating fans to improve air circulation in the room.
Paint with No or Low Volatile Organic Compounds
One of the major advantages of using no or low-VOC paint is that it emits minimal odor.
Ideal for Minimizing Odor: Paint with No or Low VOCs
For a newly painted space without any unpleasant smells, choose paints that are low in VOCs or VOC-free.
Warning
Even when using low or zero VOC paint, it is strongly advised to ensure adequate ventilation during the painting of indoor areas. Good airflow not only promotes safer air quality but also aids in the drying process of the paint.
Health Issues
Conventional VOC Coating
Conventional VOC paints contain elevated amounts of VOCs and various harmful substances.
Paint with No or Low Volatile Organic Compounds
Paints labeled as no or low-VOC have reduced levels of volatile organic compounds, yet they might still include harmful substances.
Ideal for Health Issues: Paint with No or Low VOCs
Paints with no or low levels of VOCs might be more suitable for individuals with health issues due to their reduced VOC contenthowever, they can still include harmful substances. A more suitable option for those with health sensitivities is paint that is marked as non-toxic or natural.
Ecological Consequences
Conventional VOC Coating
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pose a threat to the environment, which suggests that paints containing higher levels of VOCs may be more detrimental than those with lower levels. Nevertheless, the presence of other components in the paint can influence this assessment.
Paint with No or Low Volatile Organic Compounds
While no and low-VOC paints contain reduced levels of VOCs, they are not completely safe. VOCs are merely one type of harmful substance found in paints. Other ingredients can be equally, if not more, detrimental.
Ideal for Environmental Sustainability: Paint with No or Low VOCs
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) contribute to air pollution and can seep into groundwater, impacting both flora and fauna. Paints with little to no VOCs contain reduced levels of these compounds, making them a preferable choice compared to conventional or high-VOC options. However, if the alternative ingredients are equally harmful, the benefits may be negligible.
Lifespan
Conventional VOC Coating
Conventional VOC paints appear to have a longer lifespan compared to paints that are either low in VOCs or VOC-free.
Paint with No or Low Volatile Organic Compounds
When opting for no or low-VOC paint, you might find yourself needing to apply an additional coat to your walls sooner compared to using traditional VOC paint.
Ideal for Longevity: Standard VOC Paint
Standard VOC paint offers a longer lifespan between applications, necessitates fewer layers, and provides a smoother finish compared to lower VOC options.
The Ruling
If you’re looking to cut costs while ensuring a smooth application, effortless use, and long-lasting results, consider opting for standard VOC paint.
If you’re worried about environmental impact and are sensitive to smells and health issues, you will probably prefer paints that are either free of VOCs or have low VOC levels. On the other hand, if your primary focus is on health and environmental safety, consider choosing non-toxic or natural paints. Be sure to read the label to confirm that they do not have additional solvents or additives, and look for a VOC level of 5 grams per liter or lower.
Leading Brands
- Benjamin Moore Eco Spec is the brand’s most environmentally friendly interior premium acrylic paint, available in flat, eggshell, and semi-gloss finishes. It features a wide range of colors, all created with the Gennex zero-VOC colorant system.
- Sherwin Williams Harmony is an acrylic latex paint that includes an anti-microbial component designed to inhibit the development of mold and mildew. This characteristic makes it an excellent choice for areas such as kitchens, bathrooms, and other spaces prone to high humidity.
- For over three decades, ECOS Paint has been dedicated to creating paint suitable for individuals with sensitivities. Their products are water-based, contain no volatile organic compounds (VOCs), emit minimal odors, are made in the USA, and come with a comprehensive list of ingredients along with VOC testing information.
- Behr Premium Plus Low Odor: Since its introduction in 2012, Behr has provided an economical paint option that is both zero-VOC and low in odor. A significant advantage of this product is that it functions as both a primer and paint in one. It features a mildew-resistant finish, is composed entirely of acrylic, and dries quickly. Additionally, it is Greenguard Gold Certified, ensuring it adheres to low chemical emission standards.
- Farrow & Ball offers paints that are highly pigmented and are categorized as low-VOC or minimal-VOC, water-based, and low-odor options.
