When comparing porcelain and ceramic tiles, it’s important to note that they share a similar appearance and both belong to the ceramics family, which consists of sturdy tiles made from natural clay and hardened through heat. Porcelain tiles are generally more durable and resistant to water, while ceramic tiles are simpler to install and typically more budget-friendly. Although porcelain tiles can be more expensive due to the higher quality clay and the elevated temperatures used in their firing process, it’s common to find both varieties priced similarly. Discover more about the differences between ceramic and porcelain tiles and the best applications for each in your home.
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What exactly is porcelain tile?
Porcelain tile is a high-density tile characterized by a smooth surface and a high kaolin content, which results in a lower water absorption rate compared to ceramic tiles. This property makes certain types of porcelain tile suitable for outdoor applications in temperate climates. To ensure quality, look for porcelain tiles that have received a PTCA Certification Mark from the Porcelain Tile Certification Agency, indicating low absorption. The clay used in porcelain tiles is more refined than that used in ceramic tiles, and they are typically fired at temperatures between 2,200°F and 2,500°F. Porcelain tiles are often more expensive and have a more limited range of certified options.
- May be resistant to water.
- Professional accreditation
- Limited outdoor usage permitted.
- More fragile
- At times, it can be pricier.
- A reduced number of certified items.
What is Ceramic Tile?
Ceramic tile is a type of tile made from clay that is hardened through heat, typically featuring a glazed surface for added protection and water resistance. However, the unglazed edges or back of the tile are not moisture-resistant. This tile is produced using a coarser clay blend compared to porcelain, with a lower proportion of fine kaolin. It is fired at lower temperatures, usually ranging from 1,800°F to 2,000°F. Due to its manufacturing process, ceramic tile is often more affordable than porcelain tile.
- Occasionally more affordable
- Wide variety
- More resilient
- Increased rate of water absorption
- Not intended for outdoor use.
- Unverified
Appearance
Porcelain and ceramic tiles often appear similar, making it challenging to distinguish between them without examining the packaging. While the surfaces of both types of tiles may resemble each other, there are notable differences between them.
- Porcelain tiles are packaged in boxes that feature the PTCA Certification Mark. This logo, which is green and gray, states Certified Porcelain Tile 0.5% Water Absorption, and includes a diamond-shaped tile that represents the O in porcelain. Alternatively, you can refer to the Porcelain Tile Certification Agency’s directory of certified product lines. Porcelain tiles are characterized by a smooth backside, a slightly greater weight compared to ceramic tiles, and consistent coloration throughout the entire tile.
- Ceramic tiles typically lack certification labels on their packaging. When you flip a ceramic tile, you’ll notice it has a slightly rougher texture and is lighter compared to porcelain. If a tile is damaged, you might observe different colors within its structure.
Durability
Porcelain tiles offer greater strength and durability compared to ceramic tiles. Additionally, any chips that may occur in porcelain tiles are less noticeable. To protect against stains and mildew, it is advisable to periodically seal unsanded grout, regardless of the tile type. Below are further distinctions in terms of durability:
- Porcelain tiles are made from dense clay that has a lower porosity, resulting in a harder surface that is more resistant to moisture compared to ceramic tiles. However, this increased durability also makes porcelain tiles more prone to brittleness.
- Ceramic tiles made from less dense clays are more susceptible to cracking and breaking. It is important to apply sealers to the entire surface of unglazed ceramic tiles, rather than limiting the application to the grout lines.
Waterproof Capability
Porcelain and ceramic tiles offer different levels of water resistance, a topic that can be quite perplexing, which prompted the establishment of the PTCA certification program in 2007.
- Porcelain tiles are not entirely waterproof, but they are classified as impervious, meaning they are resistant to water. This classification indicates that the tiles adhere to specific testing criteria, absorbing no more than 0.5% of their weight after being boiled for five hours and soaked for 24 hours. On the other hand, the glazed surfaces of porcelain tiles are regarded as waterproof.
- Ceramic tiles tend to absorb more than 0.5% water due to their lower density compared to porcelain tiles.
Tip
Verify PTCA certification rather than depending solely on the assertions made by manufacturers. Research has shown that nearly 24% of tiles marketed by manufacturers as impervious and porcelain were inaccurately labeled. Certain tiles were found to absorb up to six times the maximum water capacity.
Cost
Ceramic tiles can occasionally be more affordable than porcelain tiles, although they frequently appear at comparable price levels. Various elements influence the cost of porcelain and ceramic tiles, such as the country of manufacture, the quality of the design, the materials utilized in production, the tile classification (which indicates suitable usage areas), and its absorbency characteristics, whether impervious, vitreous, or non-vitreous.
- The elevated price of porcelain tiles is attributed to the quality of raw materials, the need for specialized manufacturing machinery, rigorous testing protocols, and the significant energy requirements associated with the high firing temperatures during production.
- Ceramic tiles may be priced approximately 60% to 70% lower than porcelain tiles.
Thermal Endurance
Porcelain and ceramic tiles are both highly heat-resistant, which makes them suitable for use on countertops.
- Porcelain tiles are less likely to crack when exposed to high temperatures due to their dense composition.
- Ceramic tiles are more prone to cracking or sustaining damage when exposed to high temperatures, as they have a lower density compared to porcelain tiles.
Installation
Porcelain and ceramic tiles are installed in a similar manner. They are fixed to a cement board underlayment with a thin-set adhesive made from mortar. After the tiles are placed, the spaces between them are filled with mortar-based grout, which can be sealed with a grout sealer to protect against moisture after it has dried.
- Porcelain tiles require the use of a wet tile saw and various specialized tools for cutting and installation due to their fragile characteristics.
- Ceramic tiles are simpler to cut and install compared to porcelain tiles.
Uses
Both varieties of tiles are suitable for indoor use. Nevertheless, the higher density of porcelain provides it with a slight edge for outdoor applications, although this is only effective in certain climates.
- Porcelain: Compared to ceramic tiles, porcelain has a lower water absorption rate, which makes it a more viable option for outdoor settings in temperate climates. However, it is not advisable to use it in extremely damp conditions or in places that undergo freeze and thaw cycles. Overall, porcelain tiles are more suitable for bathroom floors and other heavily trafficked spaces, like mudrooms.
- Ceramic tiles are typically not advised for outdoor applications regardless of the climate. They are commonly utilized for wall coverings in bathrooms, in laundry spaces, and as backsplashes in kitchens. Additionally, they are not suitable for areas with heavy foot traffic.
Sanitation and Upkeep
To maintain porcelain and ceramic tiles, it’s essential to mop them with a gentle soap and water mixture. It’s advisable to sweep or vacuum the tile flooring once or twice a week to eliminate any dirt that may dull the surface. Additionally, damp-mopping the tiles every two weeks is recommended. Special care should be taken with the bathroom tiles, as mold and mildew can form in the grout lines.
Selecting Between Porcelain and Ceramic Tiles
Deciding between porcelain and ceramic tiles can be challenging. The key distinction lies in their water absorption rates. Opt for porcelain tiles if you need a durable, stain-resistant option for high-traffic zones, wet environments, or outdoor applications, like poolside areas, and if you are okay with hiring a professional for installation. On the other hand, choose ceramic tiles if you are looking for a more budget-friendly option with a wider variety of designs and textures, and you still want tiles for indoor wet areas. However, ceramic tiles are not suitable for outdoor use, regardless of the climate.
Is porcelain tile pricier than ceramic tile?
Porcelain tiles often come at a higher price point compared to ceramic tiles, typically costing about twice as much. Nevertheless, it’s possible to encounter porcelain and ceramic tiles that are similarly priced, influenced by factors such as quality, design, and other characteristics. Additionally, the installation of porcelain tiles may incur higher expenses.
Is porcelain tile slippery when it gets wet? Indeed, polished porcelain tiles, with their smooth surface, can become quite slippery, particularly when they are wet. Is it possible to install ceramic tiles in a shower?
Opt for impervious (vitreous) ceramic tiles for your shower area. For the walls, choose glazed tiles, while for the flooring, select tiles that are slip-resistant. It’s essential to consult the manufacturer’s recommendations regarding tile applications in a bathroom setting.
Are porcelain tiles prone to chipping?
Porcelain tiles are robust and resistant to chipping when installed correctly. Any chips that do occur are often less visible due to the tile’s consistent coloration. Nevertheless, the rigidity of dense porcelain tiles means they do not flex easily, making them susceptible to cracking if the structure experiences movement.
